India · Manufacturing sovereignty · CMDR Edition I
India's Manufacturing Dependency Monitor
Where does India remain strategically dependent on imports, how is that changing, and where are the next industrial opportunities emerging? A living index over 280 strategic products — a curated subset of the CMDD's 312 tracked opportunity surfaces — across twelve sectors and thirty-six states, scored, sourced and confidence-tagged.
Dependency Index▼ 3.1 over 12 months
0 · self-reliant100 · import-bound
Index — last 12 months↓ 3.1 pts
71.2 (2025-07) → 68.1 (2026-06). Dependence is easing, slowly.
A modelled intelligence layer — every score is confidence-tagged (Verified / Reasoned estimate / Strategic inference). See the full product list and each product page for sources.
01 · The landscape
Where the dependency concentrates
Sector dependency index
75.13
73.62
70.36
69.61
69.37
67.54
66.99
66.84
66.5
65.56
64.34
63.14
Recommended posture
Across all 280 products
● Build-now224
● Position-early53
● Watch3
64
Critical 80+
182
High 70–79
34
Moderate <70
75.13▲ 1.7
Semiconductors
73.62▲ 1.3
Defence & Strategic Systems
70.36▲ 1.8
Metals & Advanced Materials
69.61▲ 1.6
Electronics & Consumer Electronics
69.37▲ 0.5
Aerospace & Aviation
67.54▲ 1.3
Automotive & EV
66.99▲ 0.8
Energy & Renewables
66.84▲ 1.3
Pharmaceuticals & APIs
66.5▲ 0.8
Medical Devices
65.56▲ 0.9
Telecom & Networking
64.34▲ 0.8
Capital Goods & Industrial Machinery
63.14▲ 1.1
Specialty Chemicals & Performance Materials
02 · The chokepoints
India's deepest dependencies
- 90.7Advanced Logic Chips (sub-14nm)Taiwan · $3.2 bn · 0% made in IndiaPosition-early
- 89.5Military Aero-Engines (Turbofan)USA · $0.80 bn · 15% made in IndiaBuild-now
- 88.5DRAM & NAND Memory ChipsSouth Korea · $4.5 bn · 0% made in IndiaPosition-early
- 86.4Civil Turbofan Aero-Engines (CFM/LEAP class)USA · $1.8 bn · 5% made in IndiaPosition-early
- 85.85Lithography Scanners (DUV & EUV)Netherlands · $0.60 bn · 0% made in IndiaWatch
- 85.85Solar Wafers (Mono PERC, 156-210mm)China · $3.2 bn · 5% made in IndiaBuild-now
- 85.15300mm Silicon Wafers (Prime Grade)Japan · $1.2 bn · 0% made in IndiaBuild-now
- 85Photoresists (KrF, ArF, EUV)Japan · $0.45 bn · 0% made in IndiaPosition-early
- 84.55EDA Tools (Design Software)USA · $0.80 bn · 5% made in IndiaWatch
- 84.5OLED & AMOLED Display PanelsSouth Korea · $4.2 bn · 0% made in IndiaPosition-early
- 84.5Lithium-ion Battery Cells (NCM, LFP)China · $3.2 bn · 8% made in IndiaBuild-now
- 84.5Smartphone Application ProcessorsTaiwan · $5.5 bn · 0% made in IndiaPosition-early
03 · The opportunity
Where to build now
Build-now65
Tire Cord (PET, Nylon 66, Steel)
Entry₹1,000 crMarket (TAM)$0.75 bnGov supportHigh
Build-now64
Paracetamol API
Entry₹600 crMarket (TAM)$0.30 bnGov supportHigh
Build-now64
Anti-TB APIs (Isoniazid, Rifampicin)
Entry₹800 crMarket (TAM)$0.30 bnGov supportHigh
Build-now64
Cardiovascular APIs (Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin)
Entry₹1,800 crMarket (TAM)$1.1 bnGov supportHigh
Build-now64
EV Charger Power Electronics Modules
Entry₹1,500 crMarket (TAM)$1.1 bnGov supportHigh
Build-now63
Penicillin G API
Entry₹2,509 crMarket (TAM)$0.36 bnGov supportHigh
Build-now63
Vitamin KSMs
Entry₹1,681 crMarket (TAM)$0.66 bnGov supportHigh
Build-now63
Steroids APIs
Entry₹2,360 crMarket (TAM)$0.57 bnGov supportHigh
Build-now63
Anti-Cancer APIs (Cytotoxic)
Entry₹1,833 crMarket (TAM)$0.78 bnGov supportHigh
04 · The policy engine
How the incentives are landing
Production-Linked Incentive schemes are India's principal de-risking instrument. Outlay is committed; realisation is what has actually been disbursed against production. The gap shows where localisation is real — and where it is still on paper.
| Scheme | Outlay | Realised | Utilisation | Assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
India Semiconductor Mission 2.0 (Semicon India Programme 2.0) Semiconductors | ₹1.27 lakh cr | ₹0 cr | 0% | Approved — successor to Semicon India 1.0 (₹76,000 cr) |
Semiconductor & Display Manufacturing Semiconductors | ₹76,000 cr | ₹0 cr | 0% | Not yet operational |
Mobile Phone Manufacturing Scheme (MPMS) Electronics & Consumer Electronics | ₹62,500 cr | ₹0 cr | 0% | Notified — successor to the LSEM mobile-phones PLI |
Large Scale Electronics Manufacturing - Mobile Phones Electronics & Consumer Electronics | ₹40,995 cr | ₹1.28 lakh cr | 312% | Outperformed — anchor scheme |
Automobile & Auto Components Automotive & EV | ₹25,938 cr | ₹322 cr | 1% | Ramping — FY2024-25 first performance year |
High-Efficiency Solar PV Modules Energy & Renewables | ₹24,000 cr | ₹4,800 cr | 20% | Ramping |
Electronic Components & Sub-assemblies (new) Electronics & Consumer Electronics | ₹22,000 cr | ₹0 cr | 0% | Not yet operational |
ACC Battery Storage Automotive & EV | ₹18,100 cr | ₹2,200 cr | 12% | Ramping |
Telecom & Networking Products Telecom & Networking | ₹12,500 cr | ₹3,500 cr | 28% | Ramping |
Bulk Drugs / APIs Pharmaceuticals & APIs | ₹6,940 cr | ₹1,850 cr | 27% | Ramping |
Specialty Steel Metals & Advanced Materials | ₹6,322 cr | ₹920 cr | 15% | Ramping |
Figures in ₹ crore. Realisation is cumulative disbursement to date; utilisation = realised ÷ outlay.
05 · The map
Who is positioned to reduce the dependency
79.9Gujarat76.4Maharashtra73.8Tamil Nadu70.8Karnataka68Telangana64.2Haryana62.3Andhra Pradesh61.6Delhi59.1Uttar Pradesh58.6Rajasthan55.5Punjab55.1Odisha53.7West Bengal52.5Uttarakhand51Jharkhand50.7Madhya Pradesh50.2Himachal Pradesh49.5Chandigarh49.2Kerala49.1Chhattisgarh46.9Goa46.7Puducherry41.7Assam39.3Sikkim38.3Bihar37.6Jammu & Kashmir36.6Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu33.2Meghalaya29Manipur28.8Arunachal Pradesh28Tripura24.9Mizoram22.5Andaman & Nicobar Islands22.4Nagaland21.1Ladakh16Lakshadweep
06 · Intelligence
Latest dependency signals
Critical Manufacturing Dependencies
India’s hidden industrial water crisis
CGWB classifies Bengaluru and Hyderabad as over-exploited, Chennai as critical. The DC pipeline is densest where the water position is most stressed. This signal names the corridor-level audits that are not yet being published.
2026-06-19Critical Manufacturing DependenciesThe Dholera Water Signal
Dholera's industrial ambition rests on a single water artery. The fab can be financed and built on schedule; the water to run it at full utilisation has to arrive every day through the Narmada canal — and that concentration, not land or capital, is the binding constraint.
2026-06-30Critical Manufacturing DependenciesIndia's Real Dependency Is One Layer Below the Product
Across sectors the same pattern repeats: India assembles the finished good but imports the layers beneath it. The dependency lens resolves this by decomposing every product into localisable units — and the vulnerability almost always sits in the component, material and equipment tiers, not the assembly.
2026-07-31Critical Manufacturing DependenciesIndia Now Has a Structured Map of Where It Stays Import-Dependent
Techadyant's new Critical Manufacturing Dependency Index (CMDI) scores India's strategic imports on a common ruler — import value, supply risk, strategic importance, industrial multiplier and substitutability — turning a scattered import problem into a rankable, trackable dependency map.
2026-07-31Critical Manufacturing DependenciesIndia's Deepest Chokepoints: EUV Photoresist, Leading-Edge Logic and Aero-Engines
The products that score highest on dependency — EUV photoresists (CMDI 95), sub-7nm logic ICs (94) and combat aero-engine turbofans (92) — are precisely the ones India can least localise in the near term (localisation scores of 5-28), a mismatch that defines the sovereignty problem.
2026-07-31Critical Manufacturing DependenciesWhere Dependency Meets Feasibility: SiC Power and Display-Driver ICs Are the Build-Now Surfaces
Not every deep dependency is a hard problem. Silicon-carbide power semiconductors (dependency 82, localisation 62, investment attractiveness 80) and display-driver ICs (dependency 80, localisation 62, attractiveness 78) combine high exposure with genuine feasibility — the surfaces where capital should move first.
2026-07-31Directory
Every tracked product
Semiconductors (36)
- Advanced Logic Chips (sub-14nm)
- DRAM & NAND Memory Chips
- Lithography Scanners (DUV & EUV)
- 300mm Silicon Wafers (Prime Grade)
- Photoresists (KrF, ArF, EUV)
- EDA Tools (Design Software)
- EUV Photoresist (Chemically Amplified)
- Advanced Packaging (2.5D/3D, Chiplets)
- Dry Etch & Deposition Equipment
- Analog & Mixed-Signal ICs
- SiC & GaN Epitaxial Wafers
- RF Front-End Modules (5G)
- SiC & GaN Compound Semiconductors
- Bump Materials (Solder, Copper Pillar)
- Electronic-Grade Polysilicon
- Photomask Blanks (EUV)
- Leadframes & IC Substrates
- IC Substrate for Flip Chip
- Solder Paste & Flux (Semiconductor)
- 32-bit Microcontrollers (MCU)
- Back-End Test Equipment
- Photoresist Strippers
- ASIC Design IP (ARM Cores, PHY IP)
- Sputtering Targets (Ta, Cu, Al)
- Photomask Blanks & Reticles
- Silicon-Germanium Wafers
- Assembly, Test, Marking & Packaging Equipment
- Bump Materials (Solder, Copper Pillar)
- 150mm/200mm Silicon Wafers
- Die Attach Films
- Photomask Blanks (EUV)
- Probe Cards (MEMS Type)
- Discrete Power MOSFETs & IGBTs
- CMP Slurries (Chemical Mechanical Planarisation)
- Specialty Gases for Semiconductor Fab
- Bonding Wire (Gold, Silver, Copper)
Defence & Strategic Systems (24)
- Military Aero-Engines (Turbofan)
- AESA Fighter Radar
- IR & RF Missile Seekers
- Armoured Vehicle Diesel Engines (1000+ HP)
- Night Vision Image Intensifier Tubes
- Submarine Sonar Arrays
- Head-Up Displays (Helmet)
- Precision Munition Guidance Kits (PGK)
- Electro-Optic Targeting Pods
- Anti-Drone Jammers
- Naval Gun Mounts
- UAV Turbine Engines (Small Class)
- Tactical Data Links
- Helicopter Gearbox
- Naval Combat Management Systems
- Torpedo Propulsion & Heavy Batteries
- Counter-IED Jammers
- Air-Defence Radar Modules
- Artillery Gun Barrel Steel (AFV/Pz)
- Software Defined Radios (Military)
- Hand-Held Thermal Sights
- UHMWPE Ballistic Fibre (Body Armour)
- Tactical Data Links
- Head-Up Displays (Helmet)
Metals & Advanced Materials (21)
- Battery-Grade Lithium Carbonate
- Battery-Grade Cobalt Sulphate
- Neodymium & Praseodymium Oxide
- Electrical Steel (CRGO, CRNGO)
- Class-1 Nickel & Nickel Sulphate
- Copper Concentrate
- Natural Flake Graphite (Battery Grade)
- Silicon Metal (99.99% Purity)
- Tungsten Carbide Powder
- Titanium Sponge (Aerospace Grade)
- Molybdenum Oxide & Ferro-Molybdenum
- Stainless Steel Slabs (Specialty)
- Gallium & Germanium
- Zirconium Sponge (Nuclear)
- Bauxite (Metallurgical)
- Aluminium Alloy Ingots (Specialty)
- Bauxite (Metallurgical)
- Beryllium Copper Master Alloy
- Indium (ITO Targets)
- Rhenium (Superalloys)
- Hafnium (Aerospace)
Electronics & Consumer Electronics (27)
- OLED & AMOLED Display Panels
- Lithium-ion Battery Cells (NCM, LFP)
- Smartphone Application Processors
- CMOS Image Sensors
- Multilayer PCBs (8+ Layers)
- HDI PCBs (Mobile Grade)
- MLCC (Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors)
- TFT-LCD Display Panels
- Wi-Fi/Bluetooth Combo Chips
- Smartphone Camera Modules
- LED Chips & Epi-Wafers
- Bare PCB Laminates (FR4)
- Haptic Actuators
- Vibration Motors
- Bare PCB Laminates (FR4)
- Board-to-Board & FPC Connectors
- Mini-LED Backlight Units
- Touchscreen Controller ICs
- Chip Inductors & Beads
- Aluminium Electrolytic Capacitors
- Relays (Signal, Power)
- Switches (Tactile, Slide)
- Speaker Drivers (Miniature)
- Chip Resistors (0402/0603)
- Chip Resistors (0402/0603)
- Precision Vibration & Micro Motors
- Tantalum Capacitors
Aerospace & Aviation (22)
- Civil Turbofan Aero-Engines (CFM/LEAP class)
- Aerospace-Grade Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V)
- Aerospace-Grade Carbon Fibre
- Wing Skin Panels (Composite)
- Aircraft Landing Gear Systems
- UAV Payload Sensors (EO/IR/SAR)
- Glass Cockpit Avionics Displays
- Aerospace Aluminum Alloys (7075/2024)
- Drone Electric Motors (UAV)
- Aircraft Brake Assemblies
- Cabin Pressure Controllers
- Satellite Propulsion (Mono/Hybrid Thrusters)
- Auxiliary Power Unit
- Flight Data Recorders
- Aircraft Wiring Harnesses
- Hydraulic Actuators (Cockpit)
- Aircraft Wiring Harnesses
- Aerospace-Grade Fasteners (Hi-Lok)
- Oxygen Systems (Aircraft)
- Cabin Pressure Controllers
- Anti-Ice Valves
- UAV Flight Controllers (Industrial/Military)
Automotive & EV (24)
- Lithium Cathode Active Material (NCM/NCA)
- NdFeB Rare-Earth Permanent Magnets
- Battery-Grade Graphite Anode
- EV Power Modules (SiC IGBT)
- Automotive-Grade MCUs (ASIL-D)
- Lithium Hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6)
- Battery Separator Film (PE/PP)
- Power Distribution Units (HV)
- Battery Management System ASICs
- Smart BMS Controllers
- DC-DC Converters (EV)
- On-Board Chargers
- EV Traction Motor Stator & Rotor
- Drive Inverters (800V)
- Battery Pack Enclosures (CFRP)
- In-Wheel Motors
- Drive Inverters (800V)
- EV Charger Power Electronics Modules
- Wireless Charging Coils
- Thermal Interface Materials (EV/Power)
- On-Board Chargers
- Cooling Plates (Battery)
- Regenerative Braking Modules
- Tire Cord (PET, Nylon 66, Steel)
Energy & Renewables (22)
- Solar Wafers (Mono PERC, 156-210mm)
- Solar-Grade Polysilicon
- Solar Cells (Mono PERC, TOPCon)
- Solar Junction Boxes
- Wind Turbine Blades (>60m)
- Solar Silver Paste (Front Contact)
- Wind Turbine Gearboxes (Multi-MW)
- Solar Junction Boxes
- Green Hydrogen Electrolyser Stacks
- Wind Turbine Converters
- Solar Tracker Systems
- Wind Turbine Main Bearings (Slewing)
- Wind Yaw Bearings
- Solar Tabbing Wire
- Solar Tabbing Wire
- Battery Storage (BESS Pack)
- Green Hydrogen Compressors
- Solar Backsheets (PVF)
- Central Power Plant Inverters (Utility-Scale Solar)
- Solar Tempered Glass (PV Cover)
- Solar Inverters (Micro)
- Solar Encapsulant (EVA/POE)
Pharmaceuticals & APIs (19)
- Amoxicillin & Cephalosporin APIs
- Cardiovascular APIs (Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin)
- Anti-Cancer APIs (Cytotoxic)
- Pyridine & 3-Picoline KSMs
- Steroids APIs
- Vitamin KSMs
- Anti-TB APIs (Isoniazid, Rifampicin)
- Paracetamol API
- Penicillin G API
- mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles
- Biologics Cell Culture Media
- Plasma Derived Therapeutics
- Heparin API
- Pharma-Grade Propellant Gases (HFA-134a)
- Penicillin G API
- Formulation Excipients (Mannitol)
- Single-Use Bioreactor Bags
- HPV Vaccine Bulk
- Contrast Media Agents
Medical Devices (22)
- CT Scanner Detectors & Tubes
- Flexible Video Endoscopes
- MRI Coils & Gradient Amplifiers
- IVD Reagents (Biochemical, Immunoassay)
- Drug-Eluting Cardiac Stents
- MRI Superconducting Magnets
- Insulin Pumps & CGM Sensors
- Surgical Robotics Systems
- Pacemakers & ICDs
- CT X-Ray Tubes (Medical)
- Ultrasound Probes & Transducers
- Anaesthesia Delivery Systems
- Smart Inhalers
- CT X-Ray Tubes (Medical)
- Dialysis Machines
- Defibrillators (Manual)
- ICU Ventilators (High-End)
- MRI Superconducting Magnets
- Orthopaedic Implants (Titanium, Joint Replacement)
- Ophthalmic Lasers
- Surgical Staplers
- Bone Cement (PMMA)
Telecom & Networking (22)
- 5G Baseband ASICs
- Submarine Cable Repeaters
- Core Routers (100 Tbps class)
- Optical Transceivers (100G-400G)
- Optical Fibre Preform
- Satellite User Terminals (LEO)
- 5G Radio Units (O-RAN)
- GPON ONT/ONU Modules
- DDoS Mitigation Appliances
- OTN Switching ASICs
- OTN Switching ASICs
- Microwave Backhaul Radios
- GPON ONT/ONU Modules
- IEEE 1588 PTP Clocks
- Tower-Mounted Amplifiers & Remote Radio Heads
- Edge Routers & SD-WAN Appliances
- IoT Cellular Modules (NB-IoT, Cat-M)
- Network Test Equipment
- Satcom LNBs & BUCs
- WiFi 7 SoCs
- Carrier Ethernet ASICs
- Timing & Synchronisation ASICs
Capital Goods & Industrial Machinery (22)
- 5-Axis CNC Machine Tools
- 6-Axis Industrial Robots
- AGV & AMR Modules
- Advanced PLCs (Safety, Process)
- Precision Spindle Motors (CNC)
- CNC Controls (Open Architecture)
- Hydraulic Piston Pumps (High-Pressure)
- Industrial Vacuum Pumps
- Linear Motion Guides
- Precision Control Valves (Process)
- High-Pressure Boiler Tubes (Power Plant)
- Linear Motion Guides
- Ball Screws (Precision)
- Industrial Heat Exchangers
- Planetary Industrial Gearboxes
- Industrial Screw Compressors
- Industrial Precision Sensors (Encoder, LVDT)
- Industrial Lasers (Fibre)
- Industrial Servo Motors
- Industrial Pressure Vessels
- Ball Screws (Precision)
- Industrial Vision Systems
Specialty Chemicals & Performance Materials (19)
- Electronic-Grade Hydrofluoric Acid
- Specialty Pharma Intermediates (Chiral)
- MDI & TDI (Polyurethane Feedstocks)
- Agrochemical Intermediates (Tech Grade)
- Battery Binders (PVDF)
- Polyurethane Prepolymers
- Electronic-Grade Sulphuric Acid
- Photoimageable Dielectrics
- Acrylic Monomers (Specialty)
- Adhesion Promoters (Silane)
- Polyurethane Prepolymers
- Epoxy Resins (Electronic Grade)
- High-Purity Isopropyl Alcohol (Semiconductor Grade)
- Polymer Additives (Stabilisers, Plasticisers)
- Surfactants (Industrial)
- Flame Retardants (HFFR)
- TiO2 Rutile Pigments (High-Grade)
- UV Stabilisers (HALS)
- Industrial Catalysts (Refinery)
Source: Techadyant Labs — Critical Manufacturing Dependencies (Edition I). This monitor is a modelled intelligence layer — the Edition-I snapshot — re-scored over time. Every value is confidence-tagged and, where verified, sourced.